A classic example of such effects would be Duncker’s (1945) work on “functional fixedness,” whereby the functional role of a box as a container pevented people from using the box as a platform on which they could mount a candle. It is not that researchers failed to notice that object-based inferences affect reasoning. What is quite surprising, however, is that such effects have been overlooked by researchers who study higher order cognition. Put in this way, the present findings are not very surprising-it is not very surprising that people prefer to compare or combine apples and oranges rather than apples and baskets. The studies reported in this chapter show that such object-based inferences affect how people solve problems, transfer previously learned solutions to novel problems, or judge similarity. Semantic knowledge is organized such that it affords meaningful and adaptive inferences (e.g., apples and oranges are fruit and therefore can play similar functional roles). Miriam Bassok, in Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 1997 V Discussion
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |